GSM stand for Global System for Mobile communications. Originally, the acronym GSM stood for Groupe Spécial Mobile, a group formed by the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) in 1982 to research the merits of a European standard for mobile telecommunications. In Europe and many other parts of the world, GSM is the only type of cellular service available. Commercial service using the GSM system did not actually start until 1991. The technology behind the GSM uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation a variant of Phase Shift Keying (PSK) with Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signalling over Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) carriers. (How GSM works?)
GSM systems provide a number of useful features:
- Uses encryption to make phone calls more secure
- Data networking
- Group III facsimile services
- Short Message Service (SMS) for text messages and paging
- Call forwarding
- Caller ID
- Call waiting
- Multi-party conferencing
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